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Sains Malaysiana 54(1)(2025): 243-253 http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5401-19
Polyphenol-Rich
Extract of Roselle Improves Oxidative Stress Status, Renal Function and
Structure of Diabetic Rat
(Ekstrak Rosel Kaya Polifenol Membaiki Status Tekanan Oksidatif, Fungsi dan Struktur Renal Tikus Diabetes)
FATIMA
MOHAMMED YUSR, FATIN FARHANA JUBAIDI, SUMAYYAH BINTI ISMAIL & SITI BALKIS
BUDIN*
Center of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and
Investigative Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 29 April 2024/Diterima:
29 Oktober 2024
Abstract
Diabetic
nephropathy is a progressive chronic renal disease, that leads to renal failure
mediated by oxidative stress. Roselle or Hibiscus sabdariffa is well-known
for its health benefits and is rich in polyphenols with high antioxidant
activities. Limited studies evaluate the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of
roselle (HPE) on the development of diabetic nephropathy. Hence, this study
aimed to determine the effect of HPE in the renal of diabetic rats focusing on
oxidative stress, renal function, and structural changes. Type 1 diabetes
mellitus was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which were then divided
into three groups: untreated diabetes (DM), HPE-supplemented diabetic rats
(DM+HPE), and metformin-treated diabetic rats (DM+MET). Non-diabetic rats (NDM)
served as normal controls. All rats were left untreated for four weeks followed
by another four weeks of treatment, respectively. At the end of the study, all
rats were sacrificed whereby blood was collected for creatinine level analysis,
and kidneys were collected for oxidative stress and antioxidant markers as well
as histological analyses. Data showed that HPE reduced blood glucose and
creatinine levels significantly and improved catalase (CAT) activity. HPE
supplementation also reduced the lipid and protein oxidation process, marked by
significant reductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein
products (AOPP). Moreover, HPE supplementation improved renal structure,
especially in reducing glomerulus degeneration and renal tubule damage. In
conclusion, this study suggests that HPE is able to reduce renal damage by
mitigating oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status that potentially
prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rat model.
Keywords:
Diabetes; diabetic nephropathy; oxidative stress; polyphenol; roselle
Abstrak
Nefropati diabetes adalah penyakit kronik buah pinggang yang progresif yang membawa kepada kegagalan buah pinggang yang diperantarai oleh tekanan oksidatif. Rosel atau Hibiscus sabdariffa terkenal dengan khasiat dan manfaat kesihatannya serta kaya dengan polifenol yang mempunyai aktiviti antioksidan yang tinggi. Tidak banyak kajian yang dilakukan untuk mengkaji kesan ekstrak rosel kaya polifenol (HPE) terhadap perkembangan nefropati diabetes. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesan HPE terhadap buah pinggang tikus diabetes yang memberi fokus kepada tekanan oksidatif serta perubahan fungsi dan struktur renal. Diabetes melitus jenis 1 diaruh pada tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dewasa dan kemudian dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan; diabetes yang tidak dirawat (DM), DM dengan suplementasi HPE (DM+HPE)
dan DM dengan metformin (DM+MET). Kumpulan tikus bukan diabetes (NDM) berfungsi sebagai kawalan normal. Semua tikus dibiarkan tanpa rawatan selama empat minggu dan diikuti dengan empat minggu rawatan mengikut rawatan masing-masing. Pada akhir tempoh kajian, tikus dikorbankan dan darah diambil untuk penentuan aras kreatinin, manakala ginjal diambil untuk penentuan tekanan oksidatif, antioksidan serta penilaian histologi struktur renal. Data menunjukkan HPE menurunkan aras glukosa darah dan kreatinin dengan ketara dan meningkatkan aktiviti katalase (CAT). Suplementasi HPE juga menurunkan proses oksidasi lipid dan protein yang ditandai dengan penurunan aras malondialdehid (MDA) dan produk protein pengoksidaan lanjutan (AOPP) yang ketara. Malah suplementasi HPE juga turut membaik pulih struktur renal terutamanya mengurangkan degenerasi glomerulus serta kerosakan tubul renal. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa HPE berupaya mengurangkan kerosakan buah pinggang dengan mengurangkan tekanan oksidatif dan meningkatkan status antioksidan yang berpotensi untuk menghalang perkembangan nefropati diabetes dalam model tikus diabetes.
Kata kunci: Diabetes; nefropati diabetes; polifenol; roselle; tekanan oksidatif
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